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The metabolism of arsenic has a direct impact on its toxic effects, although the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, there are several hypotheses. Some studies indicate that men are more affected than women by arsenic-related skin conditions. Īlthough regional distribution appears to be the dominant epidemiologic factor affecting arsenic toxicity, there is evidence to believe that the manifestation of arsenic toxicity differs between men and women. Occupational exposure occurs in the production of pesticides, herbicides, smelting, mining, glass manufacturing, semiconductor manufacturing, and occupations such as carpentry that involve the burning, removal or exposure to structures and or materials treated with arsenate wood preservatives. Contaminated drinking water has been found in private wells throughout the world, including the United States. The World Health Organization labels safe arsenic drinking levels at less than 10ppb. India and Bangladesh have high rates of exposure with an estimated 27 million individuals in Bangladesh alone drinking water with contaminate levels greater than 50 ppb. However, geographic distribution has a significant impact on contamination rates. Ĭhronic arsenic exposure through contaminated drinking supply is a global health concern. One of the most significant causes of chronic arsenic toxicity is contaminated drinking water, through erosion of land sources, and contaminated wells and aquifers. Īrsine gas is employed in the production of gallium arsenide which is still used today as an integral component in semiconductors, lasers, light-emitting diodes, photoelectric chemical cells, and microwave devices. Īrsenic was previously used in herbicides, wood preservative treated products, many traditional remedies, as well as in, defoliants used in the distillation of process in beer, wine whiskey, and other alcohol-containing products. Arsenic is a byproduct in smelting processes for many ores including gold, lead, cobalt, nickel, and zinc.
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The release of arsenic into the environment propagates through weathering and mining processes, as well as other natural phenomena such as volcanic activity. Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid element with ubiquitous distribution throughout the earth's crust and groundwater it is also found in lower levels in the air and food products, particularly, crustaceans and seafood.
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